Land Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Land Law - Assignment Example The entire cost for this work was worth  £ 110,000. Ali unduly influenced Ben to signed mortgage forms that lead to release of some security in Valiant Villa to cover the costs. Ideally, not all mortgages are utilized to buy property. As in this case, it is apparent that Ali who also worked as a model scout and agent committed himself to fund Cait. However, since Ali had no sufficient money, he decided to use his right to the villa to take a mortgage with Cantander bank. According to the common law, Cantander bank has the right to repossess Valliant Villa in the event that any liability within which joint owners are liable is not honored. In National Westminster Bank v Skelton, the court held that the mortgagee has unqualified right to repossession in the event that the mortgagor defaults in mortgage repayment.2 Cantander bank has the right to repossesses the villa and either uses it to generate income or sell it to recover unpaid mortgage amounts. Surprisingly, Ben was not fully aware of the whole deal as he thought the second mortgage was a form of mortgage repackaging. Unluckily, Cait Miss was embroiled in a drug scandal which dented her image making it difficult to continue working in the model industry. Indeed Ali’s reputation as her agent was also shattered and could no longer earn revenues to cover mortgage repayments. Cantander bank is now seeking repossession of Valiant Villa which has indeed caught Ben unaware. Ben should understand that mortgage as a contact is primarily based on contract law in regard to formation, terms and termination. As such, a mortgage differs from an ordinary loan since the mortgagee has equal rights to the property as the mortgagor. A mortgage has a proprietary interest since a mortgagee has rights over the property and can therefore take possession of that property in the event of non

Apple I-tunes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Apple I-tunes - Case Study Example Surveys have proven that over the years the demand for digital music has increased by manifolds. Apple iTunes' market entry strategy into the UK is more likely to succeed if carried out with much more concentration on customer satisfaction and value creation fronts while at the same time focusing on a market penetration pricing strategy coupled with incremental growth strategies in niche market centric operations (www.apple/tunes.com). Apple i-tunes digital music company is in an oligopoly market with limited number of competitors including Sony, Warner, BMG and so on. Oligopoly is a market form where there are a few number of suppliers with similar identical products. Thus the digital music industry is evolving very fast. There is always the threat of a new company introducing something totally new to the market such as wireless technology that could replace the need for a physical music player. It's of paramount importance for Apple iTunes to invest a lot in research, and development and marketing in order to keep up with other companies that could introduce newer products to the market. Apple iTunes could improve the quality of their products. Then due to the greater quality of their music files, manufacturers of MP3, 4, 5 players would be compelled to manufacture their products to make them compatible with these files, because customers would be lured to buy Apple iTunes as they are of superior quality. The po pularity of iPod and Apple Mac are subject to demand. If economies are negatively affected the demand for these products would fall. However customer's interests change often. There is a possibility that a new company might come up with a totally new innovation and thus the demand for Apple iTunes may drop. In fact Apple i-tunes Company as in the oligopoly market requires strategic thinking unlike other market forms in the market such as perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition. In fact oligopolistic competition can provide different range of outcomes. In some cases firm may employ trade practices that are restrictive. In other situations, competition between sellers in an oligopoly market can be relatively low prices and high production. There is always a threat to Apple iTunes from other manufactures who manufacture inferior quality music files at low cost and also the creation of pirated digital music (Presswire, 2007). Customers might be lured to buy these products as they cost less. Other substitutes such as Satellite radio for music, Entertainment media, media and music alternative sources for videos (cable, broadcast) and alternative means to acquire music (Music CDs, DVDs) are potential threats. Thus this could lead to an efficient outcome approaching perfect competition. However the competition in an oligopoly industry can be higher when there are more firms in an industry if, for instance, the firms were only regionally based and did not compete directly with each other.According to the behavior of the oligopolistic market, firm has to face a kinked demand curve at the existing market price for its widgets (products). In this scenario suppliers do not have the tendency to increase the price, because other competitors in the industry would not follow

Historical Influences on Architecture of Süleymaniye Mosque

Historical Influences on Architecture of Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque How has diverse cultures and architecture throughout history influenced the architecture of the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque? The main issue that will be covered by the author in this thesis is the question of how different cultures and architectural styles have influenced the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque’s design and structure. The reason for this investigation is to identify features, which have been acquired from other cultures, and also the way in which Architect Sinan developed an architectural style that was also influenced through the use of other landmark buildings around him such as the Hagia Sophia. Having said this, it is important to identify his engineering expertise, which will be discussed further in the second chapter of the thesis. It will be useful to also have a look at the influence that Architect Sinan acquired during his lifetime through other architectures and whether he has reflected these onto the making of the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque. The initial section of the thesis will be centered on familiarizing the reader with the history of Mosques respectively and how they have transformed over time up until the Ottoman Empire, as well as during the age of Sinan; where his style and works will be discussed. This will give the reader an understanding of how the stylistic and structural characteristics of traditional forms have developed over time and evolved into Ottoman Mosques and consequently the Suleymaniye. Which brings us onto the second chapter of the thesis. As mentioned, the second section will largely cover the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque’s history, function and structure. It is important to note that the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque has been through restoration many times due to earthquakes (which are a common occurrence in Istanbul) and wars, and how this has changed certain aspects of the building. The author will also look into whether or not the mosque has adapted to the changing times and social needs which the passing of time has brought with itself. Further, as seen from the table of contents, the functionality of the mosque will also be explored. As part of a larger complex, also known as the ‘Suleymaniye complex’, the Suleymaniye is a small but important part of this complex which also bears with it different functionalities. These will be described, as it will also give more of an insight into the possible changing nature of the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque through the acquisition of different functionalities within the comp lex itself. The structure is a major feature within the mosque, as it was influenced over time by many cultures and architectures such as the Hagia Sophia again, and Palladio, as well as influencing other architecture such as Michel angelos dome found above the roof of St Peters, Rome. The third chapter will initially look into the influence of other cultures such as the Islamic influence, the influence of the Byzantine Empire as well as the Barque-Style. However, as Turkey is wholly an Islamic country, and has been an Islamic country for many years pre-dating the Ottoman era, it is clear that the main influence will be the Islamic culture. However, it is important to also look into other cultural influences especially since people from other cultures also populate Turkey. Istanbul itself has been a city which seen the presence of people from different countries and or cultures brought by war etc. The issue of diverse cultural influences will arise within this study when we talk about the structure of the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque and its characteristics as different parts have been influenced or attained from a variety of different cultures. The Mosque has merged Islamic and Byzantine architectural elements. Within the final chapter of the thesis, the author will consider the influential effect of other architecture on the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque. Again, culture will be prevalent in this chapter too in order to understand how architecture is of an influence. For example, Architect Sinan has combined tall, slender towers with large domed buildings reinforced by half domes in the style of the Byzantine churchHagia Sophia. Many other styles from other cultures are evident within the Mosque, for example when the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque was destroyed by afire in 1660and was restored on the command of sultan Mehmed IV by architect FossatÄ ±. However the restoration changed the mosque into a more baroque style architecture. Taking elements from foreign cultures and religions and combining them into something original can be recognized in the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque. The originality of the great Ottoman mosques did not develop by removing all the foreign influences; instead it is a mixture that developed by the procedure of integration of foreign culture by the Turks of Byzantine culture. This is the symbol of the Ottoman Empire, a multiracial, multilingual, and multicultural empire. This will cast an understanding on the history of the Mosques and Ottoman Architecture that will hence lead to a conclusion of the influences on the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque. The sources mentioned in the bibliography will be of great use in acquiring the relevant information. These can be accessed through the web. The thesis will also require looking beyond these articles and books, as a site visit is required. The Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque The Sà ¼leymaniye mosque was built in Istanbul between 1550 and 1557. It is the largest of the Ottoman building enterprises and is regarded as one of Architect Sinan’s (Mimar Sinan) most famous masterpieces, as well as one of the most important examples of Ottoman architecture. Sinan was born in the last decade of the sixteenth century. Being enrolled as a teenager into the Janissary Corps that is a school for apprentices, he advanced his, carpentry, aarchitectural and engineering skill. Sinan served in various military roles during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent, where he gradually developed approval for his engineering skills and achievements. During the Moldavian campaign was when Sinan was chosen to be the chief architect by the Prime Minister, Lutfi Pasha. Sinan was the chief architect for almost fifty years and was responsible for the design, construction and restoration of over 400 buildings, of which the Suleymaniye being one of the most important. During his t ime as chief architect, he contributed to theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨formation of an architecture thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨is now recognized as ‘Ottoman Architecture’. His most innovative blends andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨interpretations of forms were reservedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨for the mosques he built for Sultans. [1] Due to the experiences he gained through the practical aspects of his architectural life as well as his travels, he developed a reputation of an innovative designer of mosques and domed structures, which he then applied to the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque. Out of all of Sinan’s works, the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque aimed to exceed any other imperial mosque in beauty and size, which in most people’s opinions was a success. In the late 1540’s, the Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent ordered Sinan to build a mosque within a kulliye (complex of buildings adjacent to a mosque). Just like most imperial mosques, the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque is more than just a place of worship. The complex consisted of various social, religious and educational functions such as schools, a hospital, a caravanserai, Turkish baths, and more.[2] The mosque is located on the Old Palace, on a hill overlooking the Golden Horn. The mosque is symbolic in the city of Istanbul, as it sits on the highest hill, thus implies the power and strength of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. The complex was planned as a great centre of learning comprising of madrasas (a School for Islamic instruction) for studies in theology and holy law and medicine. Wide walkways surround the complex, where the outer sides consist of two rows of madrasas on the longer sides and social service buildings along the third side. Over time their has been additions of furth er buildings into the complex such as the hadith college, which have resulted in a lack of symmetry within the complex by attempting to adapt the buildings into older street networks. The mosque is located at the centre of the complex positioned towards the qiblah (direction of the Mecca, south-east). Around the mosque is a spacious courtyard measuring 44 by 58 meters, which has a fountain in the middle and a minaret in each corner, with a colonnaded peristyle with columns of marble, granite and porphyry.[3] The courtyard surrounded by an arched colonnade is a standard feature of Ottoman imperial mosques. Some of the marble and granite columns used for the Suleymaniye were collected from an old Byzantine Hippodrome, and from other locations in the city. In addition many materials where also collected from Roman and Byzantine buildings in Greece, Egypt, and other parts of the Ottoman Empire. This shows the diversity of cultures involved in the aesthetical and structural features with in the mosques design. The courtyard is enclosed on three sides by stonewalls, through the windows of which the sanctuary and funerary garden may be viewed. The fourth side has no wall built, allowing a panoramic view of the city and Golden horn. The minarets of the Suleymaniye have a total of 10 balconies; this was due to Suleyman the Magnificent being the 10th Ottoman sultan. Two taller minarets both frame the forecourt and mark the entrance to the interior space of worship where the sidewalls of the forecourt meet the mosque.[4] The mosque has many structural characteristics that resemble the Hagia Sophia. Sinan knew the Hagia Sophia well as he contributed to its preservation. For almost 500 yearsByzantine architecturesuch as the church of Hagia Sophia functioned as models for many of the Ottoman mosques including the Sà ¼leymaniye. [5] Although both were constructed in very different times, one representing the Christian-Byzantine Empire and the other representing the capability of the architect Sinan and the Islamic-Ottoman Empire, they have similarities as the Hagia Sophia influenced the Suleymaniye. Similar to the Hagia Sophia four giant piers hold up the main domes over a square plan. However the reinforcement system is much more complex ‘two half-domes stand on the axis of qiblah and hugearched walls filled with windows stand on the cross-axis’. The multiple domes and the arches supporting them also help to strengthen and distribute the weight of the massive central dome.[6] As well as th e columns being an essential part of the complex dome and support system of the mosque, it also had significant symbolic value religiously, symbolically and also architecturally. Although this supports the idea of influence of Hagia Sophia on the mosque, it also shows that the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque remains a unique piece of architecture due to its complexity, from the clashing aspects Sinan applied to the mosque. Taking elements from foreign cultures and religions and combining them into something original can be recognized in the Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque just by examining at the structural qualities and materials. The originality of the great Ottoman mosques did not appear by removing all the foreign influences, nor can it merely be reduced to the Byzantine style. It is a mixture that developed by the procedure of integration of foreign culture by the Turks of Byzantine culture. This is what Ottoman Empire is, a multiracial, multilingual, and multicultural empire, which is what will b e explored further throughout this study. Bibliography: 1. Cansever, Turget. The Architecture of Mimar Sinan. Architectural Design. V. 74. n. 6. Nov/Dec 2004. pg 64-70. 2. Celebi, Sai Mustafa. Book of Buildings: Memoirs of Sinan the Architect. Kocbank: Istanbul, 2002. pg. 68. 3. Freely, John and Augusto Romano Burelli. Sinan: Architect of Suleyman the Magnificent and the Ottoman Golden Age. Thames Hudson: London, 1992. pg. 15-18, 26-33, 44-45, 74-77, 123-137. 4. Goodwin, Godfrey. Sinan: Ottoman Architecture and Its Values Today. Redwood Press Limited. Great Britain, 1993. Pgs. 33-45. 5. Nelipuglu, Gulru. The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. Reaktion Books: London, 2005. pg. 207-221. 6. Yayinlari, Ege. Sinan: An Interpretation. Istanbul, Turkey, 1997. Pgs. 28-30. 7. Grabar, Oleg, ed. 1990. Muqarnas Volume VII: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Page 92 8. Art History, Volume I: Prehistoric-1400, pgs 520 – 522 9. Sinan and Palladio: two cultures and nine squares,International journal of architectural heritage, vol. 6, no. 1, 2012 Jan./Feb., pgs. 1-18. 10. The Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque: a computational fractal analysis of visual complexity and layering in Sinans masterwork, ARQ: architectural research quarterly, vol. 16, no. 2, 2012 June, p. 171-182. 11. World architecture : the masterworks / Will Pryce, London : Thames and Hudson, 2009.Pgs 193 – 195 12. Special issue. Mimar Sinan: the urban vision, Environmental design, vol. 5, no. 5/6 (1/2), 1987, p. 6-221. [1] The Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque: a computational fractal analysis of visual complexity and layering in Sinans masterwork vol. 16, no. 2, 2012 June, p. 171-173 [2] Grabar, Oleg, ed. 1990. Muqarnas Volume VII: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Page 92 [3] World architecture : the masterworks / Will Pryce,London : Thames and Hudson, 2009. Pg.193 [4] The Sà ¼leymaniye Mosque: a computational fractal analysis of visual complexity and layering in Sinans masterwork vol. 16, no. 2, 2012 June, p. 174 [5] Art History, Volume I: Prehistoric-1400, page 522. [6] World architecture : the masterworks / Will Pryce,London : Thames and Hudson, 2009. Pg.193

Creon - The Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Creon -  The Tragic Hero in Antigone There is still a great debate on who is, in fact, the tragic hero in Sophocles’ Antigone. Many hold that it must be Antigone, herself; after all, the play does bear her name. But in actuality, Creon, not Antigone, is the tragic hero. In order to determine whether or not Creon is the tragic hero, one will first have to answer the question, â€Å"What is a tragic hero?† Aristotle, when discussing the nature of such a hero in his theory of drama, states that such a hero is neither purely innocent nor purely evil. This person is usually born high in the ranks of society and must also possess a tragic flaw, which originates from within and usually manifests itself through poor judgment and/or extreme arrogance. The tragic flaw also dooms the character to a ruinous end. Creon, as king of Thebes, is at the top of the social ladder. He thus already meets one of Aristotle’s chief criteria. Yet, not only is he king, he is also human and possesses frailties which qualify him to make serious mistakes and he possesses talents which allow him also to excel. Hence, Creon is neither overly good nor bad. It is also written that the tragic hero’s actions may determine the fates of one or more characters within the tragedy. Appropriately, Creon’s station as king place shim in a position of great power, influence and responsibility. The extent of this power was quite evident when he sentenced Antigone to death for disobeying his proclamation. Now we come to what, if anything, is the single most important component of being a tragic hero. Here we have the tragic flaw. Creon’s tragic flaw was his hubris or his pride and arrogance in the face of divine powers. His downfall began when he denied the basic divine right of burial to Polyneices and was cemented when he condemned Antigone for her opposition to his law. When one closely examines Antigone’s reasons for burying her brother, it becomes clear that she was simply demonstrating her love, honor, and loyalty to her family. Creon - The Tragic Hero in Sophocles' Antigone :: Antigone essays Creon -  The Tragic Hero in Antigone There is still a great debate on who is, in fact, the tragic hero in Sophocles’ Antigone. Many hold that it must be Antigone, herself; after all, the play does bear her name. But in actuality, Creon, not Antigone, is the tragic hero. In order to determine whether or not Creon is the tragic hero, one will first have to answer the question, â€Å"What is a tragic hero?† Aristotle, when discussing the nature of such a hero in his theory of drama, states that such a hero is neither purely innocent nor purely evil. This person is usually born high in the ranks of society and must also possess a tragic flaw, which originates from within and usually manifests itself through poor judgment and/or extreme arrogance. The tragic flaw also dooms the character to a ruinous end. Creon, as king of Thebes, is at the top of the social ladder. He thus already meets one of Aristotle’s chief criteria. Yet, not only is he king, he is also human and possesses frailties which qualify him to make serious mistakes and he possesses talents which allow him also to excel. Hence, Creon is neither overly good nor bad. It is also written that the tragic hero’s actions may determine the fates of one or more characters within the tragedy. Appropriately, Creon’s station as king place shim in a position of great power, influence and responsibility. The extent of this power was quite evident when he sentenced Antigone to death for disobeying his proclamation. Now we come to what, if anything, is the single most important component of being a tragic hero. Here we have the tragic flaw. Creon’s tragic flaw was his hubris or his pride and arrogance in the face of divine powers. His downfall began when he denied the basic divine right of burial to Polyneices and was cemented when he condemned Antigone for her opposition to his law. When one closely examines Antigone’s reasons for burying her brother, it becomes clear that she was simply demonstrating her love, honor, and loyalty to her family.

The Things They Carried Passage Analysis

â€Å"Spin† Passage: The Things They Carried The function of the passage from the episode â€Å"Spin† is to introduce a different interpretation of the concept of â€Å"boredom,† one that pertains to the war and the soldiers specifically and not often experienced by civilians. The type of boredom described by the narrator in the passage is tenser, and encompasses many more emotions that the Alpha Company comes across.Throughout the passage, the reader gets the idea that the soldiers are not bored in the irritated and uninterested way that most people typically are. Instead, the men are anxious, anticipating the next unpleasant event to come upon them at any moment. The narrator explains, â€Å"You’d try to relax. You’d uncurl your fists and let your thoughts go. Well, you’d think, this isn’t so bad. And right then you’d hear gunfire behind you and your nuts would fly up into your throat and you’d be squealing pig squeals † (O’Brien 34).This description of how the soldiers would behave, with curled fists and apprehensive thoughts, jumping at every noise, proves that they are not nonchalant but hyperaware of their surrounding and on edge. When the narrator describes war as â€Å"boring,† he refers to the redundancy of always worrying, then allowing oneself to relax for a moment before being bombarded with another battle. The first three sentences from the quote have a calm, slow attitude, especially when juxtaposed with â€Å"gunfire,† â€Å"nuts,† and â€Å"pig squeals,† which are harsh, callous words.The way in which O’Brien chose to write that particular quote is similar to the repetitive way that the soldiers wait, making the reader understand to some level what it is like to live that way. As a result, O’Brien uses this passage to introduce a new, atypical definition of the word â€Å"bored,† where it is used as an â€Å"umbrella† word for many other emotions, including anxiety and fear.

My Term Paper

Principles Of Management Wk 1: Dis In this week’s discussion you will begin to explain the four management functions and the evolution of management thought. In Chapter 11, â€Å"Motivation† read pages 360-390 and answer questions from â€Å"Why Won’t They Take a Break? † on page 391. Discuss the following: Which motivation theory(s) do you think would help communicate the importance of vacation time to your employees? I would go with McClellands learned needs theory. This theory suggest that people are motivated by need of affiliation as well as achievement.I think by explaining to employees the benefit of vacation time could be used to express the importance of it, by suggesting to employees that vacation time can be used for time other than the goal to save for a vacation. emergency's can arise and vacation time is a helpful way to get through what could possibly be a tough patch as well as the perks of taking vacation time for in fact a vacation. the b enefits could be used to suit the individuals needs as well as personal goals. How would you convince your employees that working less hours, not more, is more beneficial for them and the company?I would honestly explain to my employees how working less hours can prevent them from becoming ‘burned out' and decreasing performance. I would also explain plainly how by working more hours when not necessary is draining on the company and its ability to afford the employee's salary's. however i would one on one discuss the goals of each employee using McClellands theory's to work with the individual at reaching those personal goals even with a lack of excessive hours required. Please remember to cite the text and any outside sources used. Wk 2: DisConsider the particular management functions which apply to scenarios such as domestic and international business. For this week’s class discussion you will locate a news article which will help you to explain and apply these manage ment functions. First, find a recent news article about an organization that is experiencing change. Then, discuss the following: How is the organization applying each of the four functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, controlling) to address this change? I found a news article on Starbucks. Starbuck has a threat to their coffee supply due to climate change.Starbuck used the four functions of management and their results are showing success. Planning: Their goal is to reduce the Green House Gasses. Their means to succeed is to come up with an efficiency program to reduce their environmental footprint, use reusable energy, and reduce carbon emissions Organizing: They tried to talk to congress to take action but failed. So they started to work with local producers to take their own action. Leading: They partnered up with Conservation International to improve their production, and to conserve and restore natural habitat. The also worked with farmers in order to reduce carbon emissions.Control: They are keeping track of their progress by conducting an inventory of their use of Green House Gas. The result in 2010 was 1,006,854 metric tons of GHG they were using. In 2011 the results were 979,963 metric ton of GHG being used. A reduction of 2. 7%. They are continuing to monitor the GHG use. Since the efficiency program is working they will continue trying to find more ways to reduce their use of GHG. http://www. starbucks. com/responsibility/environment/climate-change Wk 3: Dis Now that you have learned about aspects of the communications model, such as anaging communication, planning, and decision making, you will explain the communications model from the sender’s and receiver’s perspectives in this week’s class discussion. Discuss the following: Explain the steps to successfully communicate a message to a receiver. Which steps of the process do you find most challenging in your communications and why? The first step is the mess age†¦. The message is the information that you want to communicate. The next step is encoding†¦ This is the process of transferring the information you want to communicate into a form that can be sent and correctly decoded at the other end. Your success in encoding depends partly on your ability to convey information clearly and simply, but also on your ability to anticipate and eliminate sources of confusion the key part of this is knowing your audience. Failure to understand who you are communicating with will result in delivering messages that are misunderstood. channel†¦ messages are conveyed through channels, with verbal including face-to-face meetings, telephone and videoconferencing; and written including letters, emails, memos and reports. Different channels have different strengths and weaknesses. decoding†¦Just as successful encoding is a skill, so is successful decoding just as confusions can arise from errors in encoding, it can also arise from decodi ng errors. This is particularly the case if the decoder doesn't have enough knowledge to understand the message. receiver†¦ your message is delivered to individual members of your audience. No doubt, you have in mind the actions or reactions you hope your message will get from this audience. Keep in mind, though, that each of these individuals enters into the communication process with ideas and feelings that will undoubtedly influence their understanding of your message, and their response.To be a successful communicator you should consider these before delivering your message, and act appropriately. Wk 5: Dis You have read about ethics and social responsibility, and perhaps watched this week’s video selection. Consider what you have learned, and apply it to your own business area. In this week’s class discussion, you will describe ethical situations in a manager’s role related to your area of study. Discuss the following: Describe three common ethical iss ues facing managers in your chosen industry. The industry of my choice is Business management.I chose this because I want to own my own business and be my own boss. The three ethical issues that I feel that managers are facing in this industry is 1. Discrimination 2. Fraud 3. Authority. 1. Discrimination is a serious issue in a lot of businesses today. Some companies discriminate against race, sex/gender, and most often now sexual preference. There is a place in my town that actually won't hire anyone but Mexicans because they are said they work harder than anyone else. Sure they have a few of blacks and whites there.My so called in-law is a supervisor there and told me before I put in my application that they are not gonna hire me because they want more Mexicans. It's crazy but true and it's not fair. I am a hard worker and I shouldn't be denied a job because of my race. 2. Fraud is another issue and a lot of are guilty of it. Employees and managers are guilty of it just to get a h igher position or just hired. Some lie about education and work history. We lie because most companies don't check everything on the application. If everything was checked then it would be a lot of sad unemployed people.Lying about education, work history and qualification is in every company. This â€Å"person† I know found a website to get fake GEDs and she is using hers. She been with the company for 3 years. If they are not gonna check all information on applications then they are lying themselves. They say they go over applications and they don't. 3. Authority is the biggest issue to me personally. I have worked for my in-law about 10 years ago (before the mexican issue) and she abused her authority. She felt that since she was in a higher position she would use it and make us (workers) so some of her work.She would pull some of us off our machines to do inventory. We did it for a while until the plant had a company meeting. We were told what our jobs were and asked why were doing other things that kept our production low. No one spoke up until I did. Some feared they would lose their jobs but not ME. I told on her and she was so they started making her do inventory and record it on paper. She was mad at me and I didn't care because she was not my cup of tea anyway. We all got a $1 raise because we had done our job and part of hers also. Wk 6: DisIn this week’s class discussion, you will consider the legal, ethical, and social implications of real world business practices. Find an example of a business facing a legal, ethical, and/or social responsibility dilemma. Create a one-paragraph summary of the dilemma and the steps you think the organization should take to resolve the issue. My story will be about KFC there first battle was the dead chickens that they are suppose to disposal, they continue to use them for more meat. For people to know that it can be a very big lost on customers and a very bad look on the business.The second battle wa s from a twister chicken wrap, a 14 year old girl was brain damaged from eating one it nearly killed her. She was in a coma for at least 6 months at the age of 7 trying to recover from the sickness. She had caught a disease they call Spastic Quadriplegia, and it damages all four limbs so they had no choice but to place her in a wheelchair. She was awarded 5 million from the problems that KFC caused the parents said it will be a very big help because of the situation, but she is still torn that daughter had to face these problems and deal with it for the rest of her life.This should be a lesson to everybody that is why I am so funny with my food now and seeing two things happen like this just led me with the choice of never going back KFC ever again. This is life threatening things that can happen in the line of business that's why when it comes to me having a business everything will be legit. Wk 8: Dis Managers are affected by the organizational environment, and help to create it. Their role is instrumental in a successful organizational culture. In this week’s class discussion, you will define the manager’s role as it relates to various organizational cultures.Discuss the following: Think of an organization with which you are very familiar. How flexible/rigid are the managers at this organization with regard to policies and personnel? Identify and describe the factors you think helped to shape this organization’s culture. Strategic planning involves a set of procedures for making decisions about the organizations long-term goals. In order to achieve these goals, managers have to devise a plan that incorporates both flexible and ridged forms of management (Bohlander ; Snell, 2010). On many occasions in the past, I have worked as a customer service agent.In this position, customer agents have access to personal information of their customer. Customer service agents must comply with laws set forth by the government. Not following these proc edures during every call could possibly render huge fines or, worst case scenario, dissolution of the organization. For this reason, certain disclosures and/or disclaimers must be stated during each and every call. In this case, I had very rigid rules, regulations, policies and procedures to follow in order to avoid legal ramifications or loss of employment.At the same time, I was given some empowerment in order to satisfy customer complaints and issues such as changes to the account, issuing credits, or billing discrepancies. Helping customers find the best solution to their problem requires some flexibility, but the degree was still limited. We had a few solutions to choose from that did not require manager approval. If the issue could not be resolved with what we had to work with, then the manager’s approval was needed. Although most agents these days are given more freedom to make decisions, there are still boundaries that cannot be crossed or overlooked.Companies are bec oming more lenient and allowing employees to use their judgment in areas of customer satisfaction. Empowerment managers or employees make them feel content, capable, and competent. This in turn will elevate morale, enhance the company’s culture, and increase customer loyalty (Williams, 2012). Sources: Bohlander, G. , ; Snell, S. (2010). Managing human resources. Mason: Cengage Learning Williams, C. (2012). Effective management. Mason: Cengage Learning Wk 9: Dis Delegation is one of the important roles of management.In the class discussion for this week, you will practice demonstrating effective delegation techniques and strategies. Consider your own experiences in your discussion. Discuss the following: List three work tasks that managers could successfully delegate to employees. * A manager could instruct an associate employee to do simply housekeeping tasks such as sweeping, mopping, wiping surfaces and cleaning bathrooms. I feel that the delegation of power to the associat e employee gives the managers time to do more important tasks to the business. * A manager could delegate the responsibility of restocking merchandise.This delegation of authority not only frees up the managers schedule but also instill some pride for the employee on their involvement within the company. * A manger could delegate assistant manager to do inventory reports, scheduling other employees and making orders from vendors. This ensures that the assistant manager can continue the business the way the manager would run it in their absence. List three work tasks that managers should not delegate. * I do not feel that any form of Loss prevention should be handled by any other employee than the manager.With keeping this task with the manager the possibility of preventing employee theft goes up. * Keeping up and maintaining sales goals should not be delegated to other employees. If the employee is focused on sales goals their customer service skills could become lax in hopes of rea ching the goals. This could also place doubt the employees mind about the security of their position with the company. * Customer Complaints is also something that should be handled directly with the manager. With the manager having more experience with irate customers the situation is more likely to be resolved with as little conflict as possible.Explain your reasoning Wk 10: Dis In the class discussion this week, you will consider the age and gender aspects of diversity within your field of specialization. Discuss the following: Think of an organization within your industry with which you are familiar. What is the approximate age range of its employees? 18 to 45 years of age. What would you guess is the average age? I would say the average age is 34. Which gender is more prevalent within the organization’s workforce? The male gender is dominant in this industry. Are most of the managers female or male? Male.How do the factors above influence the effectiveness of the organiz ation? This particular organization, one of the leading garage door companies in the bay area, is open minded to both males or females holding any position, from a person of labor to General Manager, as long as you are qualified. Every employee is treated with respect ; professional behavior. Because each new employee is trained properly ; supported by the staff, it creates a work environment where people enjoy working there ; have been there for many years. The best way I can describe it is the company has a family atmosphere about it.

Here Is the Reason Why Dry Ice Makes Fog

Here Is the Reason Why Dry Ice Makes Fog Why you put a piece of dry ice in water, youll see a cloud of what looks like smoke or fog billow away from the surface and down toward the floor. The cloud is not carbon dioxide, but actual water fog.   How Dry Ice Produces Water Fog Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide, a molecule that is found as a gas in the air. Carbon dioxide has to be cooled to at least  -109.3  °F to become a solid. When a chunk of dry ice is exposed to room temperature air it undergoes sublimation, which means it changes from a solid directly into a gas, without melting into a liquid first. Under ordinary conditions, this occurs at the rate of 5-10 pounds of dry ice converting into gaseous carbon dioxide per day. Initially, the gas is much colder than the surrounding air. The sudden drop in temperature causes water vapor in the air to condense into tiny droplets, forming fog. Only a small amount of fog is visible in the air around a piece of dry ice. However, if you drop dry ice in water, especially hot water, the effect is magnified. The carbon dioxide forms bubbles of cold gas in the water. When the bubbles escape at the surface of the water, the warmer moist air condenses into lots of fog. The fog sinks toward the floor both because it is colder than the air and because carbon dioxide is denser than air. After a time, the gas warms up, so the fog dissipates. When you make dry ice fog, the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased near the floor. Ready to try it yourself? Heres how to make dry ice fog, safely.

Italian Surname Meanings and Origins

Italian Surname Meanings and Origins Surnames in Italy trace their origin back to the 1400s, when it became necessary to add a second name to distinguish between individuals with the same given name. Italian surnames are often easy to recognize because most end in a vowel, and many of them have been derived from descriptive nicknames. If you think your family name may have come from Italy, then tracing its history may yield important clues to your Italian heritage and ancestral village. Origins of Italian Last Names Italian surnames developed from four major sources: Patronymic Surnames - These last names are based on a parent’s name (e.g. Pietro Di Alberto - Peter son of Albert)Occupational Surnames - These surnames are based on the person’s job or trade (e.g. Giovanni Contadino - John the farmer)Descriptive Surnames - Based on a unique quality of the individual, these surnames often developed from nicknames or pet names (e.g. Francesco Basso - Francis the short)Geographical Surnames - These surnames are based on a person’s residence, usually a former residence (e.g. Maria Romano - Mary from Rome) While Italian last names come from a variety of sources, sometimes the spelling of a particular surname can help focus the search on a specific region of Italy. The common Italian surnames Risso and Russo, for example, both have the same meaning, but one is more prevalent in northern Italy, while the other generally traces its roots to the southern part of the country. Italian surnames ending in -o often come from southern Italy, whereas in northern Italy they can often be found ending with a -i. Tracking down the sources and variations of your Italian surname can be an important part of Italian genealogical research, and unveils an interesting look into your family history and Italian heritage. Italian Surname Suffixes and Prefixes Many Italian surnames are basically variations on a root name, made different by the addition of various prefixes and suffixes. Especially common are endings with vowels enclosing double consonants (e.g. -etti, -illo). The Italian preference for diminutives and pet names is the root behind many of the suffixes, as seen by the large number of Italian last names ending in -ini, -ino, -etti, -etto, -ello, and -illo, all of which mean little. Other commonly added suffixes include -one meaning big, -accio, meaning either big or bad, and -ucci meaning descendant of. Common prefixes of Italian surnames also have specific origins. The prefix di (meaning of or from) is often attached to an given name to form a patronym. di Benedetto, for example, is the Italian equivalent of Benson (meaning son of Ben) and di Giovanni is the Italian equivalent of Johnson (son of John). The prefix di, along with the similar prefix da may also be associated with a place of origin (e.g. the da Vinci surname referred to someone who originated from Vinci). The prefixes la and lo (meaning the) often derived from nicknames (e.g. Giovanni la Fabro was John the smith), but also might be found attached to family names where it meant of the family of (e.g. the Greco family might become known as lo Greco.) Alias Surnames In some areas of Italy, a second surname may have been adopted in order to distinguish between different branches of the same family, especially when the families remained in the same town for generations. These alias surnames can often be found preceded by the word detto, vulgo, or dit. Common Italian Surnames - Meanings and Origins RossiRussoFerrariEspositoBianchiRomanoColomboRicciMarinoGrecoBrunoGalloContiDe LucaCostaGiordanoManciniRizzoLombardiMoretti

Egg in a Bottle Demonstration

Egg in a Bottle Demonstration The egg in a bottle demonstration is an easy chemistry or physics demonstration you can do at home or in the lab. You set an egg on top of a bottle (as pictured). You change the temperature of the air inside the container either by dropping a piece of burning paper into the bottle or by directly heating/cooling the bottle. Air pushes the egg into the bottle. Materials Peeled hard-boiled egg (or soft-boiled, if a yolky mess interests you)Flask or jar with an opening slightly smaller than the diameter of the eggPaper/lighter or very hot water or very cold liquid In a chemistry lab, this demonstration is most commonly performed using a 250-ml flask and a medium or large egg. If you are trying this demonstration at home, you can use a glass apple juice bottle. If you use too large of an egg, it will get sucked into the bottle, but stuck (resulting in a gooey mess if the egg was soft-boiled). We recommend a medium egg for most bottles. An extra-large egg gets wedged in the bottle. Perform the Demonstration Method 1: Set a piece of paper on fire and drop it into the bottle. Set the egg on top of the bottle (small side pointed downward). When the flame goes out, the egg will get pushed into the bottle.Method 2: Set the egg on the bottle. Run the bottle under very hot tap water. Warmed air will escape around the egg. Set the bottle on the counter. As it cools, the egg will be pushed into the bottle.Method 3: Set the egg on the bottle. Immerse the bottle in a very cold liquid. We have heard of this being done using liquid nitrogen, but that sounds dangerous (could shatter the glass). We recommend trying ice water. The egg is pushed in as the air inside the bottle is chilled. How It Works If you just set the egg on the bottle, its diameter is too large for it to slip inside. The pressure of the air inside and outside of the bottle is the same, so the only force that would cause the egg to enter the bottle is gravity. Gravity isnt sufficient to pull the egg inside the bottle. When you change the temperature of the air inside the bottle, you change the pressure of the air inside the bottle. If you have a constant volume of air and heat it, the pressure of the air increases. If you cool the air, the pressure decreases. If you can lower the pressure inside the bottle enough, the air pressure outside the bottle will push the egg into the container. Its easy to see how the pressure changes when you chill the bottle, but why is the egg pushed into the bottle when heat is applied? When you drop burning paper into the bottle, the paper will burn until the oxygen is consumed (or the paper is consumed, whichever comes first). Combustion heats the air in the bottle, increasing the air pressure. The heated air pushes the egg out of the way, making it appear to jump on the mouth of the bottle. As the air cools, the egg settles down and seals the mouth of the bottle. Now there is less air in the bottle than when you started, so it exerts less pressure. When the temperature inside and outside the bottle is the same, there is enough positive pressure outside the bottle to push the egg inside. Heating the bottle produces the same result (and may be easier to do if you cant keep the paper burning long enough to put the egg on the bottle). The bottle and the air are heated. Hot air escapes from the bottle until the pressure both inside and outside the bottle is the same. As the bottle and air inside continue to cool, a pressure gradient builds, so the egg is pushed into the bottle. How to Get the Egg Out You can get the egg out by increasing the pressure inside the bottle so that it is higher than the pressure of the air outside of the bottle. Roll the egg around so it is situated with the small end resting in the mouth of the bottle. Tilt the bottle just enough so you can blow air inside the bottle. Roll the egg over the opening before you take your mouth away. Hold the bottle upside down and watch the egg fall out of the bottle. Alternatively, you can apply negative pressure to the bottle by sucking the air out, but then you risk choking on an egg, so thats not a good plan.

Public Relations Issue Tracking on Current Event Topic Essay

Public Relations Issue Tracking on Current Event Topic - Essay Example The first nominee of President Bush for this post was Harriet Myers, White House counsel and this led to charges of cronyism. Her confirmation process in the Senate ran into rough weather with some of the supporters of President Bush backing off. In this scenario Harriet Myers was forced to withdraw and despite the claims from the White House it was a clear sign of retreat. (Miers withdraws Supreme Court nomination). President Bush has now nominated Samuel Alito, a conservative jurist functioning at the Philadelphia based Third U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, for the post of Supreme Court Justice. (Alex, L. (2005). Nominee). This nomination is going to face a tough time too at the confirmation process in the Senate, as the Democrats having tasted blood once are going to try again. (Zuckman, J. (2005). Democrats signal Alito faces rockier confirmation process). The Role of Public Relations: The focus of the attack from the Democrats will be on the Samuel Alito’s views on religion and more so on abortion. (Alex, L. (2005). Alito battle will focus on abortion and religion). The other area of likely attack is in civil rights. (Kirkpatrick, D.D. (2005). White House Says Alito Was Assuring on Districting). Religion, abortion and civil rights are three important areas of public opinion and it is clear that the opposition intends using public relations to raise public opinion to defeat the nomination process of Samuel Alito in the Senate. In addition the opposition is also likely to turn public opinion against this nomination.

Developing Professional Practice in HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Developing Professional Practice in HR - Essay Example This essay analyses and discusses the process of developing professional practice in HR. The first part presents the analysis and findings of a small-scale piece of research. The second part is a reflective review on the competencies and contribution of HR professionals. The third part discusses the contribution of CPD to the performance of HR professionals. And the last part presents a concise personal development plan. Small-Scale Piece of Research Human resource (HR) professionals have to work in a strategic manner. They should acquire the essential competencies, and this is only possible through familiarity with HR theories, practices, and knowledge. Moreover, acquisition of these essential competencies arises from having the capacity to use information within particular business contexts. At present, developing HR professionals is very crucial in numerous aspects of human resource management (HRM): recruitment, strategic planning, and performance management, amongst many others (Porter, Smith, & Fagg, 2012). HR competencies are the qualities that facilitate successful performance of HR professionals and that give an organisation the ability to compete effectively in a highly competitive business world. The objective of this small-scale piece of research is to find out the specific HR competencies that actual service organisations, specifically those in the hospitality industry, value most. The researcher interviewed several HR personnel from three service organisations: a hotel, a restaurant, and transportation. Majority of the HR personnel interviewed believe that HR professionals should have personal integrity. Most of them named good interpersonal skills and personal communication as the most important HR competencies. HR professionals have to learn the skill of building a relationship that is based on trust. Trust consequently builds motivation and personal integrity. HR professionals have a good chance of taking part in their organisations’ str ategic planning activity if they are able to build trust. Nevertheless, most of the HR personnel interviewed ranked competency in strategic performance the lowest. This possibly implies that HR professionals in these service organisations are incapable in terms of strategic decision-making and management of organisational culture. This finding is very important because HR professionals must be capable of determining, building, and integrating organisational cultures that contribute to the successful implementation of business strategies and competitive strategies. Moreover, according to Yeung and colleagues (1996), if HR professionals do not have the ability to effectively manage or cope with change, they would have difficulties dealing or communicating with important people to guarantee prompt decision-making and appropriate resource allocation. HR professionals should acquire the necessary qualities of an effective strategic business expert. Most scholars believe that HR professio nals should first aspire to become a strategic business expert then eventually progress to key contributors (Labedz & Lee, 2011). Because a great deal of the literature on the subject matter has demonstrated a positive correlation between organisational performance and strategic human resource management, this small-scale piece of research tried to determine the HR competencies valued most by HR personnel in service organisat

Ethical Decision Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Decision Making - Assignment Example This article also introduces the moral aspect of making suitable decision through a number of morality theories in society. Introduction The application of ethical concepts in various fields has provided numerous benefits to parties that are affected by criminal activities in society. However, during certain instances law enforcers face a number of challenges in the process of following provisions in the code of ethics hence introducing moral issues when solving these situations. This discourse places its focus on ethical decision-making and the implication of decisions made to various individuals and the society. Question 1 In this case, the best decision to make would be to approach the lieutenant’s supervisors and report the planned exoneration of the lieutenant’s brother from a certain case. This decision would be advised by the theory of utilitarianism and concepts in value ethics. First, according to the theory of utilitarian ethics an action is ethical if it resu lts to a higher number of positive consequences. Therefore, choosing not to follow the lieutenant’s advice would be moral since it would result to benefits such as availing justice to the offended in this case, cleaning of the criminal investigation department of unprofessional officers and abiding by the oath serving and protecting the citizens (Kapp,2004). Secondly, virtue ethics requires that the actions of an individual should portray suitable characteristics hence in this situation the officer is required to uphold honesty and transparency. This will ensure that the offended party receives justice through prosecution of the violators of the law (Ferrell, Fraedrich, and Ferrell, 2013) Question two According to ethics, making a decision based on the lieutenant’s report may result to a number of implications. These implications may affect individuals, the criminal investigation unit, and the law. Making a criminal investigations report based on compromised evidence a ffects individuals in a number of ways. First, making a report based on altered information may result to formation of a different case against offenders. This may result to denial of justice to the offended as the offender is left scot-free. According to ethical theories of consequentialism, this action would be immoral. Secondly, compiling of a criminal investigation report based on altered reports erodes the credibility of the criminal investigation unit (Kapp, 2004). This is because cases resulting from certain reports because more harm since perpetrators are left free hence a repeat of the crime may occur. According to virtue ethics, individual characters should enhance the compliance with the law. However, in this case compiling a report based on incomplete information makes serious violations on the law and virtue ethics. This may set an undesirable precedent in law enforcing organizations thus resulting to increased incidences of violation of the law and the code of ethics i n the criminal investigation units. Question three Approaching the lieutenant’s supervisors on this case would have various implications. First, approaching the supervisors on this case may result to a strained relationship among colleagues in the criminal investigation unit. This would hamper efficient operation of the department hence resulting to

Resume Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Resume - Assignment Example Employed as a full time cashier from the opening of the store at its present location. Responsible for interaction with customers, high volume cash handling and worked in conjunction with the other Lead Cashier. Total of 9 cashiers that would report to not only myself but also the other Lead Cashier with any issues that may have arisen. Duties primarily involved customer service provided to individuals that entered into the store each day. Expected to answer any questions that may have arisen. Retrieved shopping carts from the parking lot each day. By 2003, upgraded to part time cashier as primary duties. Expected to handle high volume sales, customer inquiries and other details as dictated by Manager/Asst. Manager on duty. Attended local high school between 1998 & 2002. Final GPA earned was a 3.56. While in school, took part in extracurricular activities such as: Track & Field, Yearbook, as well as Cross Country & Drama Club. Attached you will find a copy of my resume, for the Lead Cashier position currently available in the Wal Mart store #6582. With the background experience that I have amassed while employed at such companies as Target, Bed Bath & Beyond, Toys ‘R Us & Kmart, I am confident that those skills will fit within the requirements in place for the position that you are currently seeking to

International Corporate and Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Corporate and Contract law - Essay Example Contract and business law are increasingly composite and at the present they affect every industry and all types of commercial contract; from entering into an agreement, to ensure the validity of purchase circumstances. A contract law is generally an agreement enforceable through law. For the legal contract law to become legal, it must satisfy certain legal necessities. There are various courses of contracts which, though ideal so far it relates to structure, consideration and contract, are not specified. All the agreements are deemed to be contracts, if the agreements are prepared by the free consent of the parties, capable to contract, for a legal consideration with a legal objective, and are not specifically declared as invalid. The following are considered as the necessary elements of a valid contract: agreement, intention to create a legal relationship, free and genuine consent, and parties competent to contract, legal consideration, legal object, agreements not declared void or illegal, certainty of meaning, possibility of performance and the necessary legal formalities. In this particular problem scenario, there is no written agreement among the parties to the agreement so this is not a valid contract. As a case in point, John is not liable to pay compensation to Gold Iron Inc. As he, John John, claims that he did not enter into any binding agreement wit the firm, and that his signature produced by the Gold Iron Inc. was forged. â€Å"The Contract Act is the law of those agreements which create obligations, and in case of a breach of a promise by one party to the agreement, the other has a legal remedy.† (Law of Contracts n.d). The Fact of the Case: In this case, Gold Iron Inc, which is a steel manufacturer company, is incorporated in Pennsylvania (USA). John, is an Italian citizen, is an engineering consultant who has spent much of the time traveling round the earth. When he is not at work, he spends his time with his family in Italy and also wit h his mistress in England. John’s assets are mostly located in England. During his journey he happened to meet the president of Gold Iron Inc that is Mr. Unwin at a conference in New York. As a result of this relationship is that John agreed to carry out some consultancy work on behalf of Gold Iron Inc. John, on the other hand, claims that he did not go into any kind of binding agreement and that his signature was forged. The Agreement enclosed a clause of dispute resolution that says: Any argument arising out of this agreement consisting of questions regarding its validity and existence will be exclusively referred to the courts in English, and that the governing rule of this agreement shall be Italian law too. After few months Gold Iron Inc started legal proceedings against John in the courts of Italy for breach of contract. In the course of the actions John’s lawyer claimed that Gold Iron Inc was intentionally seeking to delude the court by forged written proof. The court decided that the proof was not forged and completed that John was in breach of contract. The Italian court handed down a verdict in December in Gold Iron Inc’s favour, ordering John to pay compensation of â‚ ¬5 million. â€Å"Since a very substantial body of European contractual and commercial law derives its inspiration from Roman law, it is appropriate that modern Italian law be taken as representative of the contract and commercial law

FINAL EAM HIS. 101 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FINAL EAM HIS. 101 - Essay Example Because of this, cities and factories were developed. The factories were responsible for the processing of the agricultural products. Growth of factories facilitated the development of commercial centers. It is also during this period that the phenomenon of enlightment was experienced. A number of scholars started emerging during this period. These scholars contributed to the development of research (McKay, 123). It was also during this period that the phenomenon of renaissance was experienced. Renaissance or re-birth contributed significantly towards the growth of commercial centers because it enabled the Europeans to widen their scope of thinking (McKay, 127). The development of the learning institutions such as universities also had a role to play as far as growth of commercial centers is concerned. Through universities, innovation and inventions rose drastically. This facilitated the growth of commercial centers. Increase in population is another factor that contributed to the growth of commercial centers. It is clear that Europe population stated rising significantly during this period. This was due to improved medical care. The rise in population demands of commodities and hence leads to the development of commercial businesses. Technological advancement is another factor that facilitates the growth of commercial centers. This is because the advent of technology facilitated the development of industries which in turn promoted the development of other commercial centers such as banks. In order to achieve this there was a great need of business expansion which in turn led to the rise of commercial centers (Coffin et. al, 259) The rise of these commercial centers in Europe brought several benefits to the population. The first benefit of development of commercial centers is that it leads to improvement of the living standards. This is because the people could get money through selling services or goods the rise of commercial

International Corporate and Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Corporate and Contract law - Essay Example Contract and business law are increasingly composite and at the present they affect every industry and all types of commercial contract; from entering into an agreement, to ensure the validity of purchase circumstances. A contract law is generally an agreement enforceable through law. For the legal contract law to become legal, it must satisfy certain legal necessities. There are various courses of contracts which, though ideal so far it relates to structure, consideration and contract, are not specified. All the agreements are deemed to be contracts, if the agreements are prepared by the free consent of the parties, capable to contract, for a legal consideration with a legal objective, and are not specifically declared as invalid. The following are considered as the necessary elements of a valid contract: agreement, intention to create a legal relationship, free and genuine consent, and parties competent to contract, legal consideration, legal object, agreements not declared void or illegal, certainty of meaning, possibility of performance and the necessary legal formalities. In this particular problem scenario, there is no written agreement among the parties to the agreement so this is not a valid contract. As a case in point, John is not liable to pay compensation to Gold Iron Inc. As he, John John, claims that he did not enter into any binding agreement wit the firm, and that his signature produced by the Gold Iron Inc. was forged. â€Å"The Contract Act is the law of those agreements which create obligations, and in case of a breach of a promise by one party to the agreement, the other has a legal remedy.† (Law of Contracts n.d). The Fact of the Case: In this case, Gold Iron Inc, which is a steel manufacturer company, is incorporated in Pennsylvania (USA). John, is an Italian citizen, is an engineering consultant who has spent much of the time traveling round the earth. When he is not at work, he spends his time with his family in Italy and also wit h his mistress in England. John’s assets are mostly located in England. During his journey he happened to meet the president of Gold Iron Inc that is Mr. Unwin at a conference in New York. As a result of this relationship is that John agreed to carry out some consultancy work on behalf of Gold Iron Inc. John, on the other hand, claims that he did not go into any kind of binding agreement and that his signature was forged. The Agreement enclosed a clause of dispute resolution that says: Any argument arising out of this agreement consisting of questions regarding its validity and existence will be exclusively referred to the courts in English, and that the governing rule of this agreement shall be Italian law too. After few months Gold Iron Inc started legal proceedings against John in the courts of Italy for breach of contract. In the course of the actions John’s lawyer claimed that Gold Iron Inc was intentionally seeking to delude the court by forged written proof. The court decided that the proof was not forged and completed that John was in breach of contract. The Italian court handed down a verdict in December in Gold Iron Inc’s favour, ordering John to pay compensation of â‚ ¬5 million. â€Å"Since a very substantial body of European contractual and commercial law derives its inspiration from Roman law, it is appropriate that modern Italian law be taken as representative of the contract and commercial law

The Trend of Logistics Development in China Essay Example for Free

The Trend of Logistics Development in China Essay With China’s entering WTO and the coming of the economic globalization, modern logistics has stepped into a far increased stage. In 2003, the logistics in China occupied RMB 240 billion dollars, compared with that in 2002, which increased by 26%, it is also estimated that during 2000 – 2005 the increasing rate of the 3PL marketing will reach 25% in China. Logistics industry, which is related to the producing manufacturing industry and commodity circulation industry, not only can help the enterprises optimize the resource configuration, lower the product costs, but also improve their competition capability. Logistics is also a systematic project that includes manufacturing, purchasing, storage, transportation, forward, distribution and sale. Now days, logistics and the supply chain management is becoming the core issue in world business field. Facing the immature logistics market in China, as far as the manufacturing, producing industry and the circulation industry are concerned, it is most important and urgent to positively evaluate the development tendency and meet the international requirements on the logistics as soon as possible. Development of Logistics Industry in China  The larger of Chinas logistics, but the rationalization of logistics gaps. Chinas logistics industry has yet to establish a statistical system based on, cannot accurately reflect the overall size of logistics. The performance of the logistics organization is not quite reasonable, subject to resource distribution, circulation system, the industrial layout and organization of production, materials far away, circuitous flow is serious; a large number of logistics activities, the lack of specialized logistics services organization, logistics and high cost. Other logistics companies generally low level of Information technology, as a constraint to the development of logistics enterprises in China the biggest bottleneck and obstacles. Current logistics enterprises in the Computer software applications, most still at the point-type application and the application of a sector, individual enterprises of the enterprise information Management, with customers to achieve some or all of the information between the shared computer network is only a few very small number of home. Logistics information technology has become mandatory access developed countries eligible for logistics enterprises, such as Just In Time(JIT), Material Requirements Planning 1(MRP1), Material Requirements Planning 2(MRP2) and so improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics cost of modern management model is built on the information to adapt its technology to support the premise developed the Chinas logistics market is fiercely competitive low-end but high-end logistics market, but few people interested in the phenomenon exists, the overall low level of information, it cannot be implemented as JIT, MRP1, MRP2 and so improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics cost of modern management model, naturally only in the low-end logistics market flame. Quality of personnel logistics enterprises, in particular the quality of leadership is difficult to adapt to the requirements of modern logistics operations. Chinas abundant human resources, labor costs are low, employment or logistics enterprises in the selection of mechanical equipment with modern, often choose to replace some of the modern employment of machinery and equipment more economical, because it has certain substitutability between. But man is no substitute for modern information technology to bring the efficiency of the logistics enterprises, the current leadership of the state-owned logistics enterprises personnel structure are mostly the end of the planned economy to work, go step by step in the enterprise leadership positions, management and thought leader in the factors that can not completely avoid inbreeding, plus has not been enhanced, the theoretical knowledge of the Training system, making it difficult to adapt to new business ideas and forms of development, lack of awareness development. Computer application is limited to mechanical and electrical integration from abroad, no paper into the main features of the distribution automation, modernization far, Chinas logistics industry, the biggest difference between the developed countries a direct manifestation of this is it. Therefore we can say, Information technology logistics industry in China the biggest gap with developed countries, but also restricting the development of logistics industry in China is a bottleneck. Development trend of Chinas logistics industry As economic integration, and Computer and communication technology continues to develop, greatly promoted the development of the logistics industry, to quickly become a global logistics industry with great potential and the development of new service industries. Modern logistics has been our government, enterprises attach importance, and there has been rapid development momentum. A high degree of government from the industry will support the development of modern logistics as the sustained economic development, improve the investment environment, improve Social and economic benefits, reduce social costs, make full use of the important strategies of social resources, production and logistics as a business enterprise to the third profit source and access to enterprise competitive advantage of strategic opportunities, traditional logistics (transport, warehousing and other enterprise) to the development of modern logistics as the re-build companies, seeking new business profit growth, further development of the enterprises strategic objectives. In China, the main trend of development of modern logistics in the following aspects. Integration of logistics operations the essence of modern logistics in its system integration concept that integrates the traditional area of operation, the production, arketing, packaging, handling, transportation, storage, distribution, circulation, processing, logistics and Information processing, decentralized, activities across the enterprise sector integrated, organic combination, as a system to manage, the operational aspects of the logistics activities effectively combined to form a comprehensive customer service-oriented capabilities, saving distribution costs, improve circulation efficiency and effectiveness. Logistics Management Information system is a large span system. Not only a wide range of logistics activities, involving many departments, and has been in a dynamic process. With the global economy, goods and production factors in the global free flow of an unprecedented rate. Logistics activities, flow rate also entered an unprecedented phase of development, logistics positive globalization, networking and information-oriented, EDI technology and Internet applications, so the logistics efficiency depends more on information management technologies ; the popularity of Computer and general application of bar code technology, provides a more demand and inventory information to enhance the scientific level of information management, demand for the commodity level in a variety of flow more easily and quickly. Information has become the core of logistics activities has become the driving force of logistics innovation. Social logistics resources with market-oriented economic and social development, on the one hand more and more detailed specialization, on the other hand the increasingly close cooperation between professionals. Production enterprises and the retail industrys need for raw materials, intermediate products, and final products are mostly made up of d ifferent logistics centers, wholesale centers and distribution centers in order to achieve fewer inventories and zero inventories. Trend of modern logistics community social and economic activities is the development of economies of scale in logistics, logistics inevitable result of comprehensive utilization of resources. In the big cities or professional modern integrated logistics park, logistics center, logistics base has become a common phenomenon. Integrated logistics system cannot do without transportation and warehousing logistics. Storage requires a high degree of mechanization and modernization, automation, standardization, Information, and to organize efficient, machine, material systems; and transport modernization requires the establishment of railways, highways, waterways, ir and pipeline integrated transport system, which is essential to the modernization of logistics conditions, survival and development of modern logistics necessary condition. Integration of third-rate general circulation in accordance with Law, business flow, logistics, information flow is the separation of the three streams. To flow of material can be achieved using the value, after the business flow, material information on the change of ownership; logistics solution is the production of material from its geographical area of the displacement of its consumption cannot change the ownership of material; information flow solution the flow of information between the main transmission. In modern society, due to the different materials, products, or the transfer of goods means the formation of the circulation and marketing of different forms, in order to adapt to this change, there are many countries in the world of logistics centers; distribution centers have basically achieved the flow, the unity of logistics and information flow. In addition, the agency also made the implementation of modern logistics more scientific and rational, because the circulation system in this manner more conducive to the implementation of third-rate one. Third-rate one has become an important symbol of modern logistics. More competitions in further from the foreign investment and private enterprise in China After China entering WTO, the distribution system has opened to the outside. The logistics and transport are facing the same situation. The foreign investment corporation will be allowed to open in the full sides. Because of the large logistics demands and weak supply ability in China, many foreign logistics companies gave expected too much for the market. Some of them, have entered into the Chinese market and taken part in the competition, such as UPS, FedEx, DHL, TNT etc. Some of them allied the domestic companies to reform the professional logistics. On one hand, they provide their customers with the professional services, which include national wide distribution, international logistic service, and multimode transportation. With more open policies issued by China’s government, the private corporations will bring more challengers to the traditional state-owned companies in the long time. The Corning of the integration Storm in China According to the industry evolution from the international famous consulting corporation, the evolution of a industry usually includes four stages: primary establishment, normalization stage, centralization stage, balance and unification stage. When a industry state in a go-between stage from the primary establishment to the normalization, there will be many combinations and reorganizations in which some small companies will be absorbed, reorganized, even died; meanwhile, the large enterprises will improve their impacts further. As for Chinese logistic market, its development just belongs to this stage. Conclusion The logistics resources in China are very rich, As for the storage are, there are more than 250000000 square meters in circulation field, which is distribution in the station, dock, port, warehouse, stock etc. this kind of distribution has formed the nation-scattered condition. Many of them have been regarded as the collection of enterprises, funds, information etc. and are full of powerful potential. In order to ensure the logistics development in a fast, healthful way, and China’s government should enact more advantages policies and measures, give more support; for logistics enterprises after seeing the development tendency and the industry characteristics, they would choose the personalized way. Generally speaking, our companies of China can have clear view on the further development; take the opportunity to succeed in the future competition.

Impact of ICT on recruitment and selection

Impact of ICT on recruitment and selection The aim of this report is to identify traditional methods of recruitment and how they have been revolutionized by the emergence of the Internet. In the past few years, the Internet has dramatically changed the face of HR recruitment and the ways organizations think about the recruiting function. Presently, Information Communication Technologies (ICT), which provide enabling technologies to assist Human Resources (Hers) professionals in the delivery of services, have also simultaneously increased the expectations that employees, managers, customers, and regulators have for the HR functions. The feedback I received from essay one is that Internet recruitment is viewed as an important additional tool and traditional methods are continued to be used in recruiting process. The pros of e-recruitment were to identify and reach large of qualified candidates advertise with dispersed location, provide cost effective method, save the recruiting process time and increase image of organizations. The cons of e-recruitment were the discrimination issue forward to Internet non-user, difficult to recruit executive-level talents on the Internet, the digital divide gap between computer literate and illiterate and the risk of overload of resumes. Analysis of Viva process: The viva process went very well and that was after I submitted my both essays to my supervisor. When it came to the Viva (oral defense), I really wanted to do it well. I spent quite more than enough time preparing the viva in the way that I have seen others make similar preparations. After having been informed that I will be required to defend my second essay, I decided that a good presentation comes from good planning and having at hand all the information that anyone might request, so I spent a long time in the preparation and I went feeling confident. As soon as I arrived at the conference where the presentation was taking place, I became nervous when I realized they were all waiting for me to speak and my nerves made me tremble. I did not know how to stop it. later on, I noticed that panelists seemed not to understand what I was saying despite all the preparations I had made. I suddenly calmed myself down, and in no minutes time I found myself flowing and everybody in the room un derstood I had gained momentum. I did it so well and this happened when I decided talking more slowly without trembling. It was interesting because everyone saw a change in my attitude after a very short time, and from there, I personally started seeing things differently. I regained sufficient confidence and was able to discuss matters in greater depth, thus, I felt more positive until the end of the Viva. The title of essay and aim: The title of essay two is Impact of ICT on recruitment and selection, and the main question is whether E-recruitment is an efficient tool for recruitment, and analyzing how beneficial e-recruitment is to organizations implementing it. The aim of this paper was to: Identify what e-recruitment methods are being used, and what are experiences of organizations trying to implement e-recruitment. Establish how organizations are evaluating the success of their e-recruitment initiatives, and establish the level of success being experienced This paper will help to establish a baseline on the use of e-recruitment by organizations, thereby enabling the on-going monitoring of progress and developments in this area. How essay 2 builds on essay 1 Essay two builds on essay one by analyzing the benefits of e-recruitment to organizations implementing it. However, e-recruitment is an efficient method of recruitment due to a number of reasons, most notably for cost reduction, increases the efficiency of the process, reduce time to hire and provide access to a larger and more diverse candidate pool. The most notable benefits reported by organizations having introduced e-recruitment are the cost savings, which have mainly been due to reduced advertising cost, a reduction in the resources required to process applications and a reduction in recruitment agency costs. Other benefits include more efficient management of communication with candidates and the ability to easily report on key performance metrics as a result of internet based tracking systems. It also shows that online recruitment is an improvement but cannot totally replace the traditional recruitment. Thus, increased use of e-recruitment methods and systems is helping to facilitate this trend by removing much of the routine administration involved in recruiting allowing HR to more easily monitor and track recruitment related activities. What I did well or could have done better: What I did well was planning and researching. I came up with really good research based on what I had planned. The communication and listening skills I acquired during the course made me to respond to questions very well and with full confidence. I gathered all the materials and data that I wanted, compiled it before coming up with the final report. Though during report writing, I was not sure whether I was going the right direction as far as the flow was concerned. I kept doing what I thought was right from my own perspective. What I learned: I have learned that planning and preparing for a Viva does not guarantee someone from trembling, but makes you have the information you need at hand. I also noticed how important it is to go back over things I have written about before presenting, for this could make me familiar with what I had written down. There were things I did not know at the time of questions and answer session, and I recognized there were some areas in which I went wrong. This made me realize that the panelists did not understand what I was saying. I have learned that I was not confident enough to present what I had prepared for. I need to think from the beginning about the process of giving a good Viva, as well as being sure about my reliance on what I have prepared/planned in order to have the best Viva. Conclusion: In order to prepare a good Viva or any presentation, good planning is required as well as doing enough research (have enough information at hand). On top of planning, being confident is another important aspect that can lead a person to present a good Viva. If I was confident enough, I am sure I would not have trembled and my oral defense would have been perfectly done from the time I entered the room. I, therefore, would like to encourage students to make sure they have full confidence in mind before attempting any presentation, which for my case was an oral defense (Viva).

Discrimination and Physical Appearance :: essays papers

Discrimination and Physical Appearance There are billions of people living in this world, and that is the most important reason why there is a discrimination. This discrimination occurs due to the difference of skin color, religion, language, and even culture. Back in my home country, there are two groups of people who always seem to discriminate one another. These two groups are the Indonesian natives and the Chinese. Since my skin color is very much different as compared to the Indonesian natives’ I could hardly make friends with them. This was mainly because I always thought that the Indonesians were low-class people just because they are poor; they worked as servants, street sweepers and labors. I believed that this thought applies to most of the other Chinese. The Chinese always think that they are much better off than then dark-skinned Indonesians because the Chinese hold the majority of the business throughout the whole Indonesia although the Chinese population is extremely small in Indonesia. Besides the difference in skin color, I used to think that I would never make friends with the natives because ninety nine percent of them were Moslems. I began to realize that I was absolutely wrong when I left my home country for Singapore to continue my further studies. There, I was very impressed how the Singaporeans, the Indians and the Malays get along together very well. There is even a racial harmony day held once a year. Since then, I started to treat my surrounding people equally regardless of their skin color, language, and religion. When I went back to Indonesia, I tried to make friends with the natives. I then realized that they were just the same as the Chinese. I felt very sorry whenever I thought of how I treated my servants and my other Indonesians so badly in the past. I should have treated the Indonesians well since the beginning because Indonesia does not belong to the Chinese; I was only a foreigner there.

Andy and Larry Wachowskis Film, The Matrix :: essays papers

Andy and Larry Wachowski's Film, The Matrix Have you ever had a dream that you thought was so real? Well, what if you never woke up? How would you determine the difference between the real world and the dream world (Matrix,1999)? Some people in this world live their lives knowing that something is wrong. They can feel it in everything they do. They can feel it when they stare out a window or go to work or even when they pay their taxes (Matrix,1999). This feeling which these individuals are experiencing comes from the matrix. What is the matrix? The matrix is an artificial world, which has been pulled over to blind us from the truth, that we are slaves (Matrix,1999). We are trapped in a prison for our minds (Matrix,1999). We will never really get to feel, touch, or see anything for ourselves, except objects created through the matrix. Early in the 21st century, humans joined in celebration in the creation of artificial intelligence (Matrix,1999). Throughout our lives we have depended on machinery to survive. Fate, it seems, is not without a sense of irony (Matrix,1999). The human body gives off as much bioelectricity as a 120 volt battery or as much as 25000 b.t.u.’s of body heat (Matrix,1999). Artificial intelligence depends on solar energy in order to survive, so our human race decided to scorch the earth, therefore blocking the sun’s rays (Matrix,1999). This attempt failed and we were taken over by robots. The matrix was soon after created by artificial intelligence as a computer-generated world made for us to live out our lives while it uses the natural energy given off from our bodies for its survival in the real world (Matrix,1999). Humans are grown in fields like crops, some never even able to be inserted into the matrix. Babies are randomly picked out by the working robotic hands to fill the spots of the dead. Right now, our real bodies are being stored in capsule-like bubbles where we are plugged into the matrix. These plugs are connected throughout our entire spine and other various parts of the body. The main connection is in the back of our necks, leading to the brain, where the matrix controls our minds by ensuring all five senses. When the matrix was first created, a man was given the power to change anything he wanted in it (Matrix,1999).

Sylvia Plath Theme of Honesty

Jade Bevan Word count: 2821 ‘Plath uses honesty in the character or ‘Esther’ to reflect her personal anxieties’. Explore the theme of honesty in ‘The Bell Jar’ by Sylvia Plath and Emily Dickinson’s ‘Selected Poems’. In the course of your writing show how your ideas have been illuminated by your response to ‘Catcher in the Rye’ by J. D. Salinger and other readings of both texts. The theme of honesty is one that is echoed throughout all three of the authors writing, but is expressed in different ways. Sylvia Plath’s character ‘Esther Greenwood’ in ‘The Bell Jar’ is much like J.D. Salinger’s character ‘Holden Caulfield’ in ‘Catcher in the Rye’. Both characters have a cynical tendency to constantly reveal their inner most opinions about the society around them, discussing their feelings about personalities and appearances. Plath and Salinger were both born in the early twentieth century, despite this had completely opposing backgrounds and upbringings. Plath experienced a quiet and subtle early life in Winthrop Massachusetts, a small seaport town. Whereas Salinger endured a mainstream, fast paced and fashionable beginning in the city of New York.Both these places can make a person incredibly sociable or utterly isolated. Emily Dickinson’s ‘Selected Poems’ also reveals honesty and she confesses her depression very openly and concisely. Being born in the nineteenth century, Dickinson often expresses her opinions of the social placement of women and their restricted lives. She is unlike the ‘stereotypical woman’ of her era, and retaliates in her writing against the inequalities between the sexes. Many critics believe her to be a feminist.Throughout the ‘Coming of age’ novel ‘The Bell Jar’, Greenwood, the protagonist narrator, is constantly breaking down situations, people an d objects around her, like saliva to food. She over analyses the nature of society all around her, and enjoys criticising. When Greenwood first introduces the reader to ‘Doreen’, the mischievous opposite to Greenwood, she contradicts her description beginning with ‘I guess one of my troubles was Doreen’. This statement makes the reader begin to build a negative, unpleasant personality in their minds. However she concludes her escription with ‘a mysterious sneer, as if all the people around her were pretty silly and she could tell some good jokes on them if she wanted to’. This statement shows a clear admiration for Doreen, differing from the initial introduction, however also shows Esther expressing her opinion of Doreen being a mean kind of person, but likes that about her. This could be considered to be a hidden metaphor, for Greenwood’s slow decent into depression and madness, beginning with confusion and uncertainty, typical signs of insanity, which reflects the rest of her story. This is an upfront and honest introduction to the novel.This shows a friendship between the two characters, but a kind that is of a girlish jealous nature. Greenwood clearly admires Doreen’s personality but envies her social power at the same time. Plath also reveals Greenwood’s detachment and alienation from others throughout the novel, isolating her character. This could be to remind the reader of her insane self compared to the sane society and people around her. This can be explained through Greenwood stating ‘I felt myself shrinking to a small black dot against all those red and white rugs, and that pine-panelling.I felt like a hole in the ground’, in this short description of her feelings, she shows vast indications of isolation and depression. The use of the words ‘shrinking’ and ‘small’ reflect her feelings of disappearing and becoming non-existent to the world. Also, descri bing herself as ‘black’ compared to the ‘red and white rugs’ is a use of juxtaposition in the colours, which show how uninteresting she finds herself, being dull and dark in comparison to the bright vibrant rugs, which could imply the rest of society around her. This identification of herself could be considered an honest view of how others perceive her.Another character that is slated by Esther’s criticism is Dr. Gordon. She belittles him by saying ‘How could this Dr. Gordon help me anyway? With his beautiful wife, and his beautiful children, and his beautiful dog, haloing him like a Christmas card’. Dr. Gordon is the psychiatrist who made a mistake during Esther’s electroshock therapy in a terrible way. As the patriarch of the ideal American family, Dr. Gordon seems to represent American society, punishing Esther for going against social expectations, rejecting marriage and family.This shows her honesty and awareness of her soci al differences and views with the rest of society, and is mocking them for being so stereotypical. Her repetition of the word ‘and’ reminds the reader of a list, almost as though Esther is expressing that there are endless differences between society and herself. J. D. Salinger uses the character of Holden Caulfield in parallel with Plath’s character Greenwood, a first person, and protagonist narrator. Holden also suffers with the illness of contradiction, alongside insanity of course, this is another similarity the two characters share.The reader is introduced to an upfront, confident Holden, whom from the setting of the novel, is obviously tense with the topic of family, and starts by stating ‘I don’t feel like going into all of it’, then continues to ‘go into it all’ by describe how annoyed his parents would be if he disclosed any personal information, ‘Especially my father’. He is building a personality of his fat her without realizing, showing a particular conflict with his father, more so than other members of the family. He is also separating himself from his family in that he would openly discuss their issues, whereas his family would not.Essentially, the readers receive an immediate separation and self alienation from his family, and recognise Holden’s critical personality from the start. It is clear that throughout ‘The Bell Jar’, the character of Esther is used by Plath to explore the theme of sexuality, and the effect the 1950’s attitude towards sex had on the women of that time. ‘Then he just stood there in front of me and I kept staring at him. The only thing I could think of was turkey neck and turkey gizzards and I felt very depressed. This description of Buddy’s penis does not only reveal Esther’s criticisms of other further, but we begin to see her real attitude towards sex and Buddy himself. The general theme between Esther and Bud dy is that of sexual tension and virginity, however, although Esther is supposed to be ‘in love’ with buddy, it’s quite clear that she is not attracted to him and is not very fond of him altogether, we see this at the point where she is supposed to be at her most happy or intimate, when Buddy becomes naked in front of her, she feels ‘very depressed’.This may not be completely down to the appearance of Buddy’s private parts, but may be Esther’s attitude towards sex altogether, that she is only so eager to lose her virginity because it was the social norm, and wanted to be ‘part of a great tradition’. Esther shows her honest view upon societies attitude towards sex and its sexist inequalities towards sex when she says ‘I couldn’t stand the idea of a woman having to have a single pure life and a man being able to have a double life, one pure one not. ’ Plath is trying to portray through Esther her rebelliou s opinions towards sexual inequalities between men and women.In the novel, Esther discovers that sexuality is divorced from any expression of love and passion. Sex for women is only a necessity within marriage to have children, and has no relevance with romance or intimacy, Esther could be showing the reader her honest feelings of wanting to have a double life like the men of her era, and be able to experience sexual encounters out of passion and love, no just for starting a family, without being judged. However could also be suggesting her view that all people should remain celibate until marriage, both men and women, but on both interpretations, she is yearning for equality amongst the sexes.With Emily Dickinson’s unconventional style of writing and rebellious grammar, it is not a surprise that her poems do not meet the same literacy concepts as Plath and Salinger. Her poem ‘A Narrow fellow In the Grass’ reflects her individuality and opposing touch of honesty towards sexuality in every stanza. The literal and logical interpretation for the poem is her longing to see a snake in the grass, but only being able to glance at sections of the snake. However, Luann Suhr claims that the poem ‘is in fact about the fear a virgin has towards sex’.This differs from Plath and Salinger’s habit of blurting constant criticism of others, and shows a clear self aggravation and criticism. There are many literary devices used to allude to its sexual theme. Dickinson shows the fear of a virgin by knowing the naturalness of sex yet still being afraid of it. This is accomplished through the literary devices of personification, metaphor, and visual imagery. In the first line of the first stanza, by using the word â€Å"fellow† in her description of the snake she alludes to the snake in regards to man. In colloquial terms, the word snake is often used with regards to male genitalia.A â€Å"narrow fellow† can therefore be read as the male penis. This could also relate to her opinion of men being sneaky like snakes towards the concept of sex, compared to the expectations of a woman to remain celibate, showing her honest neglect of the sexist attitude that society has to sexuality. The second stanza ‘The grass divides as with a comb- Aspotted shaft is seen- And then it closes at your feet and opens further on’ Dickinson has purposely used opposing adjectives to represent her curiosity about sex, how one moment she is captivated by the idea of losing her virginity, then the next her mind closes’ her imagination because she knows she must remain celibate until marriage. It could also represent a previous sexual encounter that was never fulfilled, she is giving the reader an insight into her mind and how ‘dividing’ her mind like this could cause her mental illness to thrive. Once she has captured a small snippet of understanding ‘Aspotted shaft’, her sub conscious â⠂¬Ëœcloses’ her out. Dickinson’s confusion is clear, it sounds almost as though she is at war with herself, insanity, society and again differs from Plath and Salinger in that she does not alienate herself from society, but from her own emotions and desires.Despite this, she carries on fantasizing about this sexual encounter by saying â€Å"sudden is† Dickinson is stating that this male is quick to ejaculate. This can be further proved by the line before which says, â€Å"you may have met him†. The word â€Å"met† can be referring to the sexual meeting, and therefore puts a sexual connotation to the next line. When Dickinson reaches for this thing that scares her so much, it disappears. In the end of stanza four, she says, â€Å"it wrinkled, and was gone†. This is the visual imagery of a penis becoming flaccid.This man she is describing may represent her constant need to please, and fit in. Her honest desperation to communicate her frame of mind seeps through, when the reader finishes the poem to discover, that not even in the final stanza, does she reveal the root of the poem or what its meaning is, leaving readers to feel her confusion, to have a sense of what it would be like to suffer from mental illness, not knowing why or understanding the thoughts she has. Her complete sincerity leaves the reader, in a state of confusion, reflecting her everyday agenda.An aspect of honesty which can be related to all three authors is the honesty with the self and self reflection. Sylvia Plath uses the character of Esther Greenwood to portray her own personal attributes that she struggled to express in reality. We see this when greenwood describes her drink as ‘wet an depressing’, the very statement that a drink is depressing shows how irritating her character is, in the sense that she complains and reverts anything and everything she sees or touches to seem as depressing as she is.This could be Plath expressing thro ugh Greenwood that she is irritated by herself and her own character, the illness is not only discovered, but it irritates her, revealing a full acknowledgement of its existence. This honest analysis in itself portrays that Greenwood sees herself as an irritation to society and this could explain her isolated behaviour, a fear of not being accepted. Another self reflective part of the novel is stage in which Esther begins to lose touch with herself worth, ‘I started adding up all the things I couldn’t do’†¦ I felt inadequate’. Up until the summer before Esther’s senior year, she had done a good job at being a student of literature. However the thought of entering the real world terrifies her. The world she lives in seems to have no place for the literary ideals that she cherishes, which of course is her being pessimistic. This could be forcing her to doubt herself, and self worth towards the world, which may represent Plath attempting to portra y Esther as feeling worthless and useless.Or, another view could be that Esther sees herself as being too complex and misunderstood for the simple minds and dreams of the typical American girl of that era. Emily Dickinson shows honesty with the self and self reflection in the poem ‘The soul has Bandaged moments’ which explores through symbolism, an internalised spiritual and psychological state of experiences of the soul. Which is personified as a woman, and some may interoperate the personification to be Dickinson herself. In the first stanza it says ‘The soul has bandaged moments’ which shows a physical and abstract outlook and insight of the soul.It also implies injury and pain that could metaphorically mean that the soul being personified as Dickinson, she is hurt by her mental illness and attempts to heal herself when ‘she feels some ghastly fright come up to stop and look at her’. This could represent her soul searching and not being fond of what she finds in her mind, or it could alternatively represent her mental illness of depression creeping up on her, it has a sinister feel and may be considered that the mental illness is trespassing, on the privacy of her soul and self.She views this as a form of psychological assault and molester by using words in stanza two such as, ‘caress’ and ‘hovered-o’er’. These bring feelings of uncomfortability and helplessness to the reader. Dickinson is trying to express the mercilessness of insanity. This shows Dickinson’s fear of herself and her capability, some may view it as a panic towards her ever-growing stronger insanity and her ever-growing weaker free will against is. To conclude, a critic once claimed that ‘Writers, who suffer with mental illness, are likely to revolve their writing around complete honesty of their mind.Which, in a sense, creates more emotional and believable connections with the reader, making the insanity se em normal, and allow the reader to feel an attachment with the author’, some may consider this statement to be complete nonsense, however, the analytical evidence shows that there may be some truth in this observation. One may find the ability for Plath, Dickinson and Salinger, all of different era and lifestyle, to have managed to create such personalities and mind wondering scenarios with just the use of a single concept of honesty to be greatly admired.